Methodology: how we build and check our tools

Every BizLedger tool follows the same process so you can trust the answer — and check it yourself.

1. Recognized formulas and sources

Formulas come from published, widely accepted sources. The main ones used on this site are:

• Standard accounting definitions of margin, markup, break-even, inventory turnover and ROI
• IRS and Social Security Administration employer payroll tax rates (FICA, FUTA)
• Widely used marketing metric definitions (CPM, CTR, CPC, ROAS, CLV, churn)

2. Tested against worked examples

Before a tool goes live, it is run with the example inputs shown on its page and the result is compared with a hand-checked answer. Edge cases — zero, very large numbers, leap years, empty fields — are tested too, and the tool shows a clear message instead of a wrong number.

3. Shown on every page

Each page has a How it works section, the formula and a worked example, so you can repeat the calculation by hand.

4. Rounding

Calculations use full precision internally. Results are rounded only for display — money to cents, most measurements to 2–4 decimal places.

5. Limits

Tools give estimates for general information. They cannot know your full situation. For money, health, legal or tax decisions, confirm with a qualified professional.

6. Updates and corrections

Rates and tables that change (such as tax brackets) are reviewed at least once a year. If you think a result is wrong, please tell us — we check every report.